Elliptical Sentence And Parallel Construction

1. So … ; … too
Only used for positive sentence
Formula: Present/Past/Future+and+(…too/so…)
Example:
a. Tony is playing football and Rudy is too.
Tony is playing football and so is Rudy.
b. He works very hard and and does too.
He works very hard and and so does she.
c. He passed the exam and she did too.
He passed the exam and so did she.
d. We had bought a book and she did too.
We had bought a book and so had she.
e. I have many pets. She has many pets. I have many pets and she does too.
I have many pets. She has many pets. I have many pets and so does he.
f. My mother will go to Bali. My father will go to Bali. My mother will go to Bali and my father will too.
My mother will go to Bali. My father will go to Bali. My mother will go to Bali and so will my father.

2. And neither … ; and … either
Only used for negative sentence
Formula: Present/Past/Future+and neither+to be+subject
Present/Past/Future+and subject+to be+not+either
*To be: is, are, was, were, do, did, has, had, etc.
Example:
a. He isn’t studying English and she isn’t either.
He isn’t studying English and neither is she.
b. He didn’t play basketball and she didn’t either.
He didn’t play basketball and neither did she.
c. He didn’t do the exercise and she didn’t either.
He didn’t do the exercise and neither did she.
d. Ranny can’t speak English and Dini can’t either.
Ranny can’t speak English and neither can Dini.
e. He isn’t playing guitar and she isn’t either.
He isn’t playing guitar and neither is she.

3. But/Whereas/While
Used for positive and negative sentence
Formula: Positive sentence
But/Whereas/While+subject+aux.verb
Negative sentence
But/Whereas/While+subject+aux.verb+not
Example:
a. I like meatball but she doesn’t.
b. I go to Bali. You don’t go to Bali. I go to Bali but you don’t.
I go to Bali. You don’t go to Bali. You don’t go to Bali but I do.

4. Both … and …
Used for positive and negative sentence
Formula: Subject+verb+both+object 1+and+object 2
Both+subject 1+and+subject 2+verb+o/c
Example:
a. He painted the door. He painted the window. He painted both the door and the window.
b. Mary lives in the city. John lives in the city. Both Mary and John live in the city.
c. Fery likes you. Nizar likes you. Both Fery and Nizar like you.

5. Neither … nor …
Used for negative sentence
Formula: Subject+aux.verb+neither+object 1+nor+object 2
Neither+subject 1+nor+subject 2+aux.verb+o/c
Example:
a. He isn’t a teacher. He isn’t a doctor. He is neither a teacher nor a doctor.
b. He doesn’t say anything. They don’t say anything. Neither he nor they say anything.

6. Either … or …
Used for positive sentence
Formula: Subject+aux.verb+not+either+object 1+or+object 2
Either+subject 1+or+subject 2+aux.verb+o/c
Example:
a. He isn’t a teacher. He isn’t a doctor. He is not either a teacher or a doctor.
b. He doesn’t say anything. They don’t say anything. Either he or they say anything.

7. Whether … or not
Example:
I will give you a money although you need it or you don’t need it.
I will give you a money whether you need it or not.